History of Challenge Modifiers

Challenge Modifiers are optional difficulty settings for Portal activities in Destiny 2: The Edge of Fate. Press Customize before launching an activity (not available for Crucible) to choose them.

Banes

Bane modifiers give enemies new abilities. The Gamer says you can select two Banes at a time on Advanced difficulty and higher difficulties might allow more; the page Bane Challenge Modifiers covers the triumph.

Boons

Boon modifiers instead strengthen you (up to three, per The Gamer), for example the Grappler modifier replacing grenades with grapple charges. These are separate from challenge modifiers.

Score and rewards

Each modifier changes the activity score; higher scores raise gear tier and Power rewards. Higher difficulties open more slots (GameNGadgets).

Disagreements

The sources differ on exact slot counts per difficulty; check in-game.